AD AERODROMES

AD 1 AERODROMES / HELIPORTS INTRODUCTION

AD 1.1 AERODROME / HELIPORT AVAILABILITY AND CONDITIONS OF USE

1 GENERAL

1.1 The aerodromes / heliports in section AIP AD

1.1.1. INSTRUMENT AERODROMES

The characteristics of instrument aerodromes are given in section AD 2.

1.1.2. HELIPORTS

The basic information concerning heliports available for general use and hospital heliports is given in section AD 3.

Note: The information does not presently fulfil all publishing requirements of ICAO Annex 15. For additional information, contact the heliport operator.

1.2 Traffic of persons and vehicles on aerodromes

The aerodrome area is divided into two zones as follows:

a public zone which is open to the public, and
a restricted zone, which requires a specific permission

1.3 The operational hours of services

1.3.1. The operational hours of ATS units are published in AIP, section AD 2, para 2.3. The operational hours of aerodromes not serving H24 are published only by NOTAM. NOTAM of the operational hours will be issued at least 7 days before the effective date and as long-term as possible.

1.3.2. Extra opening of Finavia airports

A request for extra opening of the airport shall be requested from TEL +358 20 708 3150 or apoc@finavia.fi (airport operations center - apoc). The request must be made at the earliest possible stage and include always details of the operation listed below:

Departure / arrival time
Departure / destination airport / country
Aircraft type
Needed fire category
Security control needed YES / NO
Ground handling service needed YES / NO
Number of passengers
Appropriate contact information
Refueling requirement
De-icing service requirement

The objective of the airport is, as far as possible, to provide necessary services.

Any extra opening of the airport will be subject to the terms of service of Finavia Corporation, para 7.8.3. If extra opening was requested, the charge must be paid irrespective of whether the requested service were actually used or not.

1.3.3. The operational hours of aerodrome AIS, COM and MET services are provided to meet operational requirements.

1.3.4. Finavia quarantees the appropriate rescue and fire fighting services primarily during the hours of scheduled services (see also AD 1.2, para 1).

1.3.5. Requests concerning ATS, COM and MET services as well as the rescue and fire fighting services required for aircraft outside the operational hours promulgated by NOTAM should be directed to the aerodrome concerned during the office hours. In urgent cases the request can be inserted in item 18 RMK of the flight plan form. In both cases the request must be approved by the aerodrome.

1.4 Applicable ICAO documents

For the differences to ICAO Annex 14, see section GEN 1.7.

2 CIVIL USE OF MILITARY AIR BASES

2.1 Flights of foreign aircraft to military aerodromes

For non-scheduled flights to Halli (EFHA) and Utti (EFUT) a special permission is required in addition to what is stipulated in section GEN 1.2 about flights of foreign civil aircraft.

Civil aircraft registered in a foreign state are considered foreign aircraft.

Foreign registered aircraft operated by Finnish commercial operators as well as Finnish registered aircraft transporting foreign citizens are treated as foreign aircraft. In these cases, however, a simplified permit procedure is applied.

2.1.1. Application for permission to aircraft registered in a foreign state

Permission for flights shall be applied from the appropriate aerodrome ATS unit during its operational hours not later than 24 hours before the intended flight. The application forms can be requested from the ATS units.

Application may be made either by AFS, telefax or by phone as follows:

Halli aerodrome:
AFS: EFHAZTZX
FAX: +358 299 260 679
TEL: +358 3 532 0071

Utti aerodrome:
AFS: EFUTZTZX
FAX: +358 20 708 8339
TEL: +358 5 340 8320

The application shall include the following information:

Name and company
Address and country
Type and registration mark of aircraft
Number of passengers and their citizenship
Aerodrome of departure and destination
Date of flight
The purpose of flight
Additional information

Flight destined to a military aerodrome shall not be commenced before permission has been obtained.

2.1.2. Application for permission to a foreign registered aircraft operated by a Finnish commercial operator or to a Finnish aircraft with foreign passenger.

Application shall be submitted by denoting in item "RMK" of the flight plan the number of foreign passengers and their citizenship, e.g. "RMK / 3 Swedish passengers".

The flight plan shall be submitted before the departure of the flight so as to reach the appropriate aerodrome ATS unit during its operational hours.

Permission is considered given unless otherwise informed by the appropriate ATS unit.

2.2 The use of military aerodrome as a civil aircraft home base

To use the military aerodromes Halli (EFHA) and Utti (EFUT) as a civil aircraft home base requires a separate license. More information is available on the relevant airports.

2.3 Military aprons and taxiways

Military aprons and taxiways, located at military and joint civil / military aerodromes, do not necessarily fulfil all the requirements given in regulation EU 139/2014. These areas are listed in aerodrome chart with marking MIL Configuration.

Note: Some other aerodromes may also have similar type of areas used by military air traffic.

3 LOW VISIBILITY PROCEDURES (LVP)

3.1 Category II/III operations

Promulgation of a runway as available for Category II/III operations means that it is equipped as required and Low Visibility Procedures have been approved.

3.1.1 Low Visibility Procedures

The Low Visibility Procedures are applied for the protection of aircraft operating in such weather conditions and to ensure the required quality of ILS signals.

When Low Visibility Procedures are in force increased separation will be used by ATC.

Operations for low visibility conditions, see para AIP, AD 2.20 Local aerodrome regulations at the appropriate aerodrome.

For details of Low Visibility Procedures, see the appropriate aerodrome (AIP, AD 2.22) Flight procedures.

In cases when the safety of aircraft operating in manoeuvring area can not be ensured or when disturbances to ILS signals can not be avoided, the Category II/III approaches can not be carried out and this will be notified by NOTAM, ATIS or ATC.

3.1.2 Failures and changes in the state of operations of Category II/III facilities

3.1.2.1. Any failure or change in the state of operation of any of the facilities relevant for Category II/III operations will be notified by NOTAM, ATIS or ATC.

3.1.2.2. Consequently, the approach clearance is based on traffic situation only and it is the decision of the pilot in command whether or not the approach can be carried out.

3.1.2.3. Operations will be suspended if the ILS equipment does not meet Category II/III requirements. In that case the changed operational status of ILS will be notified as mentioned in para 4.2.1.

Practice Category II/III approaches

For practice Category II/III approaches there is no guarantee that the full safeguarding procedures will be applied and the pilots should anticipate the possibility of ILS signal disturbances.

Autoland-operations when low visibility procedures are not in use

The pilots should notice that the Category II/III quality for the ILS signal will only be guaranteed when Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) are in operation.

When performing autoland-operation outside the LVP the pilots should anticipate the possibility of ILS signal disturbances.

3.2 Low Visibility Procedures for Take-off

Aerodromes that do not have Category II or III facilities, apply Low Visibility Procedures in order to enable take-offs in limited visibility conditions. For the details of Low Visibility Procedures for Take-off at aerodromes, see local aerodrome regulations at the appropriate aerodrome (AIP, AD 2.20 or AD 2.22).

Take-offs when RVR is below 550 M are permitted only at aerodromes, which have Low Visibility Procedures approved by authority and procedures are in use during the take-off. Possible restrictions will be notified thru AIS, ATIS or ATS.

Low Visibility Procedures for Take-off will be taken into operation for the safety of aircraft operating on the manoeuvering area in poor visibility conditions. The main principle is to ensure that there is only one aircraft at a time on the manoeuvering area and the vehicle traffic there is minimized.

Note: Due to secondary power switch-over time, take-offs when Runway Visual Range (RVR) is below 550 M are not allowed at some of the aerodromes. For the restriction, see local aerodrome regulations at the appropriate aerodrome (AIP, AD 2.20).

4 AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA

NIL

5 OTHER INFORMATION

5.1 Air Traffic Control clearance

In Finland the ATC (TWR) will not give a clearance for take-off or landing when it takes place outside the ATC service boundary (outside the manoeuvring area) but the following procedure will be applied: The ATC reports wind, essential traffic and requests the aircraft to report airborne/landing.

5.2 Taxiing on the apron

The ATC issues clearances for taxiing only within the ATC Service Boundary (within the manoeuvring area).

Note: The ATC Service Boundary is presented on the aerodrome charts (ADC).

For taxiing on the apron taxi instructions are given by the appropriate unit. The purpose of these instructions is to maintain an orderly flow of air traffic on the apron. The prevention of collision is under the responsibility of a pilot-in-command. For taxiing on the aircraft stand taxilanes the same rules apply.

5.3 Parking or moving an aircraft outside the apron, taxiway or runway

In exceptional cases and on the request of the pilot-in-command Finavia may at its airports grant a special permit for parking or moving an aircraft outside the apron, taxiway or runway.

All responsibility for parking and moving an aircraft outside apron, taxiway or runway lies with the pilot-in-command.

Finavia is not liable for any damage caused to an aircraft or its property, persons, other property or other persons if the aircraft is parked or moved outside the area of apron, taxiway or runway.

5.4 Bird concentrations at / or in the vicinity of aerodromes

Information concerning permanent bird concentrations as for the aerodromes, see seasonal availability at the appropriate aerodrome (AIP, AD 2.7).

Warnings concerning temporary bird concentrations are published by NOTAM.

Permanent information on bird migration is published in part ENR 5.6.

5.5 Hazards caused by other wild animals

Outside the operational hours of ATC and AFIS units at some aerodromes there may occur deers or reindeers of which the pilots cannot be warned.

Caution is also advised for deers and reindeer flocks at uncontrolled aerodromes.

5.6 The use of net barriers and runway arresting gears at aerodromes

5.6.1. Information of net barriers at the appropriate aerodrome is published in part AIP, AD 2.12.

The net barriers are located at both ends of the runway, MAX HGT 7.5 M.

Civil aviation operations of net barriers during the operational hours of the aerodrome ATS unit:

Net barrier located prior to the landing threshold of the runway will always be let down.
Net barrier located at the opposite end of the runway will be let down when civil aircraft is using the runway for take-off or landing.

Outside the operational hours of the aerodrome ATS unit the net barriers will be let down at both ends of the runway.

5.6.2. Arresting cables

Information of arresting cables at the appropriate aerodrome is published in part AIP, AD 2.12.

The arresting cable on runway will be let down except in case of Hornet military aircraft. The arresting cable at the end of runway will be up all the time.

5.7 Formation departure lines

Information of formation departure lines at the appropriate aerodrome is published in part AIP, AD 2.9. Formation departure lines meant for military operations only are located at both sides of the runway centreline. The distance between formation departure line and the runway centreline is 8.5 M. The formation departure line is continuous, 150 mm wide and orange in colour.

5.8 Clearance distances between aircraft stands and passenger bridges

At aerodromes operated by Finavia the minimum clearance between aircraft stands equipped with a visual docking guidance system and passenger bridges differs from the Recommendation 3.12.6 of ICAO Annex 14.

For differences and restrictions, see local aerodrome regulations at the appropriate aerodrome (AD 2.20).

Aircraft may request towing for docking if necessary.

5.9 Runway incursion

REF: AIP, GEN 2.3

A runway incursion: any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

Hot spot: a location on an aerodrome movement area where there has been a collision or a runway incursion and where pilots and vehicle drivers must pay special attention.

For a depiction of hot spots with additional information properly annotated, see aerodrome charts (AD 2.4).

5.10 Determination of datum line for intersection take-off

The calculation of reduced declared distances (TORA, TODA, ASDA) for intersection take-off is based on datum line as shown below.

Note: Reduced declared distances are presented in para AD 2.13 of each aerodrome concerned.

5.11 Reduced runway separation minima between aircraft using the same runway

Reduced runway separation minima between aircraft using the same runway according to EASA ED Decision
2020/008/R have been approved for some aerodromes. The use of procedures, see para AD 2.20 of the appropriate
aerodrome. ATC may use the procedures as described below.

5.11.1. Reduced runway separation minima shall only be applied during the hours of daylight from 30 minutes after local sunrise to 30 minutes before local sunset.

5.11.2. For the purpose of reduced runway separation, aircraft shall be classified as follows:

Category 1 aircraft: single-engine propeller aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2000 KG or less;

Category 2 aircraft: single-engine propeller aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 2000 KG but less than 7000 KG; and twin-engine propeller aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of less than 7000 KG;

Category 3 aircraft: all other aircraft.

5.11.3. Reduced runway separation minima shall not apply between a departing aircraft and a preceding landing aircraft.

5.11.4. Reduced runway separation minima shall be subject to the following conditions:

wake turbulence separation minima shall be applied;
visibility shall be at least 5 KM and ceiling shall not be lower than 300 M (1000 FT);
tail wind component shall not exceed 5 KT;
there shall be available means, such as suitable landmarks, to assist the controller in assessing the distances between aircraft. A surface surveillance system that provides the air traffic controller with position information on aircraft may be utilized, provided that approval for operational use of such equipment includes a safety assessment to ensure that all requisite operational and performance requirements are met;
minimum separation continues to exist between two departing aircraft immediately after take-off of the second aircraft;
traffic information shall be provided to the flight crew of the succeeding aircraft concerned; and
the braking action shall not be adversely affected by runway contaminants such as ice, slush, snow, water, etc.

5.11.5. Reduced runway separation minima which may be applied at an aerodrome shall be determined for each separate runway. The separation to be applied shall in no case be less than the following minima:

landing aircraft:
1. a succeeding landing Category 1 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which either:
  1. has landed and passed a point at least 600 M from the threshold of the runway, is in motion and will vacate the runway without backtracking; or
  2. is airborne and has passed a point at least 600 M from the threshold of the runway;
2. a succeeding landing Category 2 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which either:
  1. has landed and has passed a point at least 1500 M from the threshold of the runway, is in motion and will vacate the runway without backtracking; or
  2. is airborne and has passed a point at least 1500 M from the threshold of the runway;
3. a succeeding landing aircraft may cross the runway threshold when a preceding Category 3 aircraft:
  1. has landed and has passed a point at least 2400 M from the threshold of the runway, is in motion and will vacate the runway without backtracking; or
  2. is airborne and has passed a point at least 2400 M from the threshold of the runway;
departing aircraft:
1. a Category 1 aircraft may be cleared for take-off when the preceding departing aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which is airborne and has passed a point at least 600 M from the position of the succeeding aircraft;
2. a Category 2 aircraft may be cleared for take-off when the preceding departing aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which is airborne and has passed a point at least 1500 M from the position of the succeeding aircraft; and
3. an aircraft may be cleared for take-off when a preceding departing Category 3 aircraft is airborne and has passed a point at least 2400 M from the position of the succeeding aircraft.

5.11.6. Consideration should be given to increased separation between high performance single-engine aircraft and preceding Category 1 or 2 aircraft.